Home
1. The best explanation of what Title VI of the Civil Rights
Act mandates is the freedom to:
A. Pick any physician and insurance company despite one’s
income
B. Receive free medical benefits as needed within the county
of residence
C. Have equal access to all health care regardless of race and
religion
D. Have basic care with a sliding scale payment plan from all
health care facilities
2. Which statement would best explain the role of the nurse
when planning care for a culturally diverse population? The
nurse will plan care to:
A. Include care that is culturally congruent with the staff from
predetermined criteria
B. Focus only on the needs of the client, ignoring the nurse’s
beliefs and practices
C. Blend the values of the nurse that are for the good of the
client and minimize the client’s individual values and beliefs
during care
D. Provide care while aware of one’s own bias, focusing on
the client’s individual needs rather than the staff’s practices
3. Which factor is least significant during assessment when
gathering information about cultural practices?
A. Language, timing
B. Touch, eye contact
C. Biocultural needs
D. Pain perception, management expectations
4. Transcultural nursing implies:
A. Using a comparative study of cultures to understand
similarities and differences across human groups to provide
specific individualized care that is culturally appropriate
B. Working in another culture to practice nursing within their
limitations
C. Combining all cultural beliefs into a practice that is a non-
threatening approach to minimize cultural barriers for all
clients’ equality of care
D. Ignoring all cultural differences to provide the best
generalized care to all clients.
5. What should the nurse do when planning nursing care for a
client with a different cultural background? The nurse should:
A. Allow the family to provide care during the hospital stay so
no rituals or customs are broken
B. Identify how these cultural variables affect the health
problem
C. Speak slowly and show pictures to make sure the client
always understands
D. Explain how the client must adapt to hospital routines to
be effectively cared for while in the hospital
6. Which activity would not be expected by the nurse to meet
the cultural needs of the client?
A. Promote and support attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, and
skills to respectfully meet client’s cultural needs despite the
nurse’s own beliefs and practices
B. Ensure that the interpreter understands not only the
language of the client but feelings and attitudes behind
cultural practices to make sure an ethical balance can be
achieved
C. Develop structure and process for meeting cultural needs
on a regular basis and means to avoid overlooking these
needs with clients
D. Expect the family to keep an interpreter present at all times
to assist in meeting the communication needs all day and
night while hospitalized
7. Ethical principles for professional nursing practice in a
clinical setting are guided by the principles of conduct that
are written as the:
A. American Nurses Association’s (ANA’s) Code of Ethics
B. Nurse Practice Act (NPA) written by state legislation
C. Standards of care from experts in the practice field
D. Good Samaritan laws for civil guidelines
8. A bioethical issue should be described as:
A. The physician’s making all decisions of client management
without getting input from the client
B. A research project that included treating all the white men
and not treating all the black men to compare the outcomes
of a specific drug therapy.
C. The withholding of food and treatment at the request of
the client in a written advance directive given before a client
acquired permanent brain damage from an accident.
D. After the client gives permission, the physician’s disclosing
all information to the family for their support in the
management of the client.
9. When the nurse described the client as “that nasty old
man in 354,” the nurse is exhibiting which ethical dilemma?
A. Gender bias and ageism
B. HIPAA violation
C. Beneficence
D. Code of ethics violation
10. The distribution of nurses to areas of “most need” in the
time of a nursing shortage is an example of:
A. Utilitarianism theory
B. Deontological theory
C. Justice
D. Beneficence
11. Nurses are bound by a variety of laws. Which description
of a type of law is correct?
A. Statutory law is created by elected legislature, such as the
state legislature that defines the Nurse Practice Act (NPA).
B. Regulatory law includes prevention of harm for the public
and punishment for those laws that are broken.
C. Common law protects the rights of the individual within
society for fair and equal treatment.
D. Criminal law creates boards that pass rules and
regulations to control society.
12. Besides the Joint Commission on Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations (JACHO), which governing agency
regulates hospitals to allow continued safe services to be
provided, funding to be received from the government and
penalties if guidelines are not followed?
A. Board of Nursing Examiners (BNE)
B. Nurse Practice Act (NPA)
C. American Nurses Association (ANA)
D. Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
13. When a client is confused, left alone with the side rails
down, and the bed in a high position, the client falls and
breaks a hip. What law has been broken?
A. Assault
B. Battery
C. Negligence
D. Civil tort
14. When signing a form as a witness, your signature shows
that the client:
A. Is fully informed and is aware of all consequences.
B. Was awake and fully alert and not medicated with
narcotics.
C. Was free to sign without pressure
D. Has signed that form and the witness saw it being done
15. Which criterion is needed for someone to give consent to
a procedure?
A. An appointed guardianship
B. Unemancipated minor
C. Minimum of 21 years or older
D. An advocate for a child
16. Which statement is correct?
A. Consent for medical treatment can be given by a minor
with a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
B. A second trimester abortion can be given without state
involvement.
C. Student nurses cannot be sued for malpractice while in a
nursing clinical class.
D. Nurses who get sick and leave during a shift are not
abandoning clients if they call their supervisor and leave a
message about their emergency illness.
17. Most litigation in the hospital comes from the:
A. Nurse abandoning the clients when going to lunch
B. Nurse following an order that is incomplete or incorrect
C. Nurse documenting blame on the physician when a mistake
is made
D. Supervisor watching a new employee check his or her skills
level
18. The nurse places an aquathermia pad on a client with a
muscle sprain. The nurse informs the client the pad should be
removed in 30 minutes. Why will the nurse return in 30
minutes to remove the pad?
A. Reflex vasoconstriction occurs.
B. Reflex vasodilation occurs.
C. Systemic response occurs.
D. Local response occurs.
19. A client has recently been told he has terminal cancer. As
the nurse enters the room, he yells, “My eggs are cold, and
I’m tired of having my sleep interrupted by noisy nurses!” The
nurse may interpret the client’s behavior as:
A. An expression of the anger stage of dying
B. An expression of disenfranchised grief
C. The result of maturational loss
D. The result of previous losses
20. When helping a person through grief work, the nurse
knows:
A. Coping mechanisms that were effective in the past are
often disregarded in response to the pain of a loss
B. A person’s perception of a loss has little to do with the
grieving process.
C. The sequencing of stages of grief may occur in order, they
may be skipped, or they may recur.
D. Most clients want to be left alone.
21. A client is hospitalized in the end stage of terminal
cancer. His family members are sitting at his bedside. What
can the nurse do to best aid the family at this time?
A. Limit the time visitors may stay so they do not become
overwhelmed by the situation.
B. Avoid telling family members about the client’s actual
condition so they will not lose hope.
C. Discourage spiritual practices because this will have little
connection to the client at this time.
D. Find simple and appropriate care activities for the family to
perform.
22. When caring for a terminally ill client, it is important for
the nurse maintain the client’s dignity. This can be facilitated
by:
A. Spending time to let clients share their life experiences
B. Decreasing emphasis on attending to the client’s
appearance because it only increases their fatigue
C. Making decisions for clients so they do not have to make
them
D. Placing the client in a private room to provide privacy at all
times
23. What are the stages of dying according to Elizabeth
Kubler-Ross?
A. Numbing; yearning and searching; disorganization and
despair; and reorganization.
B. Accepting the reality of loss, working through the pain of
grief, adjusting to the environment without the deceased, and
emotionally relocating the deceased and moving on with life.
C. Anticipatory grief, perceived loss, actual loss, and renewal.
D. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
24. Bereavement may be defined as:
A. The emotional response to loss.
B. The outward, social expression of loss.
C. Postponing the awareness of the reality of the loss.
D. The inner feeling and outward reactions of the survivor.
25. A client who had a “Do Not Resuscitate” order passed
away. After verifying there is no pulse or respirations, the
nurse should next:
A. Have family members say goodbye to the deceased.
B. Call the transplant team to retrieve vital organs.
C. Remove all tubes and equipment (unless organ donation is
to take place), clean the body, and position appropriately.
D. Call the funeral director to come and get the body.
26. A client’s family member says to the nurse, “The doctor
said he will provide palliative care. What does that mean?”
The nurse’s best response is:
A. “Palliative care is given to those who have less than 6
months to live.”
B. “Palliative care aims to relieve or reduce the symptoms of a
disease.”
C. “The goal of palliative care is to affect a cure of a serious
illness or disease.”
D. “Palliative care means the client and family take a more
passive role and the doctor focuses on the physiological needs
of the client. The location of death will most likely occur in
the hospital setting.”
27. Which of the following is not included in evaluating the
degree of heritage consistency in a client?
A. Gender
B. Culture
C. Ethnicity
D. Religion
28. When providing care to clients with varied cultural
backgrounds, it is imperative for the nurse to recognize that:
A. Cultural considerations must be put aside if basic needs
are in jeopardy.
B. Generalizations about the behavior of a particular group
may be inaccurate.
C. Current health standards should determine the acceptability
of cultural practices.
D. Similar reactions to stress will occur when individuals have
the same cultural background.
29. To respect a client’s personal space and territoriality, the
nurse:
A. Avoids the use of touch
B. Explains nursing care and procedures
C. Keeps the curtains pulled around the clients bed
D. Stands 8 feet away from the bed, if possible.
30. To be effective in meeting various ethnic needs, the nurse
should:
A. Treat all clients alike.
B. Be aware of client’s cultural differences.
C. Act as if he or she is comfortable with the client’s
behavior.
D. Avoid asking questions about the client’s cultural
background.
31. The most important factor in providing nursing care to
clients in a specific ethnic group is:
A. Communication
B. Time orientation
C. Biological variation
D. Environmental control
32. A health care issue often becomes an ethical dilemma
because:
A. A client’s legal rights coexist with a health professional’s
obligation.
B. Decisions must be made quickly, often under stressful
conditions.
C. Decisions must be made based on value systems.
D. The choices involved do not appear to be clearly right or
wrong.
33. A document that lists the medical treatment a person
chooses to refuse if unable to make decisions is the:
A. Durable power of attorney
B. Informed consent
C. Living will
D. Advance directives
34. Which statement about an institutional ethics committee
is correct?
A. The ethics committee is an additional resource for clients
and healthcare professionals.
B. The ethics committee relieves health care professionals
from dealing with ethical issues.
C. The ethics committee would be the first option in
addressing an ethical dilemma.
D. The ethics committee replaces decision making by the
client and health care providers.
35. The nurse is working with parents of a seriously ill
newborn. Surgery has been proposed for the infant, but the
chances of success are unclear. In helping the parents
resolve this ethical conflict, the nurse knows that the first
step is:
A. Exploring reasonable courses of action
B. Collecting all available information about the situation
C. Clarifying values related to the cause of the dilemma.
D. Identifying people who can solve the difficulty.
36. Miss Mary, an 88-year old woman, believes that life
should not be prolonged when hope is gone. She has decided
that she does not want extraordinary measures taken when
her life is at its end. Because she feels this way, she has
talked with her daughter about her desires, completing a
living will and left directions with her physician. This is an
example of:
A. Affirming a value
B. Choosing a value
C. Prizing a value
D. Reflecting a value
37. The scope of Nursing practice is legally defined by:
A. State nurses practice acts
B. Professional nursing organizations
C. Hospital policy and procedure manuals
D. Physicians in the employing institutions
38. A student nurse who is employed as a nursing assistant
may perform any functions that:
A. Have been learned about in school
B. Are expected of a nurse at that level
C. Are identified in the positions job description
D. Require technical rather than professional skill.
39. A confused client who fell out of bed because side rails
were not used is an example of which type of liability?
A. Felony
B. Assault
C. Battery
D. Negligence
40. The nurse puts a restraint jacket on a client without the
client’s permission and without the physicians order. The
nurse may be guilty of:
A. Assault
B. Battery
C. Invasion of privacy
D. Neglect
41. In a situation in which there is insufficient staff to
implement competent care, a nurse should:
A. Organize a strike
B. Inform the clients of the situation
C. Refuse the assignment
D. Accept the assignment but make a protest in writing to the
administration.
42. Which statement about loss is accurate?
A. Loss is only experienced when there is an actual absence
of something valued.
B. The more the individual has invested in what is lost, the
less the feeling of loss.
C. Loss may be maturational, situational, or both.
D. The degree of stress experienced is unrelated to the type of
loss.
43. Trying questionable and experimental forms of therapy is
a behavior that is characterized of which stage of dying?
A. Anger
B. Depression
C. Bargaining
D. Acceptance
44. All of the following are crucial needs of the dying client
except:
A. Control of pain
B. Preservation of dignity and self-worth
C. Love and belonging
D. Freedom from decision making
45. Cultural awareness is an in-depth self-examination of
one’s:
A. Background, recognizing biases and prejudices.
B. Social, cultural, and biophysical factors
C. Engagement in cross-cultural interactions
D. Motivation and commitment to caring.
46. Cultural competence is the process of:
A. Learning about vast cultures
B. Acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes
C. Influencing treatment and care of clients
D. Motivation and commitment to caring.
47. Ethnocentrism is the root of:
A. Biases and prejudices
B. Meanings by which people make sense of their experiences.
C. Cultural beliefs
D. Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and
maintaining health.
48. When action is taken on one’s prejudices:
A. Discrimination occurs
B. Sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse groups is
obtained.
C. Delivery of culturally congruent care is ensured.
D. People think/know you are a dumbass for being prejudiced.
49. The dominant value orientation in North American society
is:
A. Use of rituals symbolizing the supernatural.
B. Group reliance and interdependence
C. Healing emphasizing naturalistic modalities
D. Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and
maintaining health.
50. Disparities in health outcomes between the rich and the
poor illustrates: a (an)
A. Illness attributed to natural, impersonal, and biological
forces.
B. Creation of own interpretation and descriptions of biological
and psychological malfunctions.
C. Influence of socioeconomic factors in morbidity and
mortality.
D. Combination of naturalistic, religious, and supernatural
modalities.
51. Culture strongly influences pain expression and need for
pain medication. However, cultural pain:
A. May be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is
disregarded by practitioners.
B. Is more intense, thus necessitating more medication.
C. Is not expressed verbally or physically
D. Is expressed only to others of like culture.
52. The dominant values in American society on individual
autonomy and self-determination:
A. Rarely have an effect on other cultures
B. Do have an effect on health care
C. May hinder ability to get into a hospice program
D. May be in direct conflict with diverse groups.
53. In the United States, access to health care usually
depends on a client’s ability to pay for health care, either
through insurance or by paying cash. The client the nurse is
caring for needs a liver transplant to survive. This client has
been out of work for several months and does not have
insurance or enough cash. A discussion about the ethics of
this situation would involve predominantly the principle of:
A. Accountability, because you as the nurse are accountable
for the well being of this client.
B. Respect of autonomy, because this client’s autonomy will
be violated if he does not receive the liver transplant.
C. Ethics of care, because the caring thing that a nurse could
provide this patient is resources for a liver transplant.
D. Justice, because the first and greatest question in this
situation is how to determine the just distribution of
resources.
54. The code of ethics for nurses is composed and published
by:
A. The national league for Nursing
B. The American Nurses Association
C. The Medical American Association
D. The National Institutes of Health, Nursing division.
55. Nurses agree to be advocates for their patients. Practice
of advocacy calls for the nurse to:
A. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations
B. Work to understand the law as it applies to the client’s
clinical condition.
C. Assess the client’s point of view and prepare to articulate
this point of view.
D. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a
timely manner.
56. Successful ethical discussion depends on people who
have a clear sense of personal values. When many people
share the same values it may be possible to identify a
philosophy of utilitarianism, with proposes that:
A. The value of people is determined solely by leaders in the
Unitarian church.
B. The decision to perform a lover transplant depends on a
measure of the moral life that the client has led so far.
C. The best way to determine the solution to an ethical
dilemma is to refer the case to the attending physician.
D. The value of something is determined by its usefulness to
society.
57. The philosophy sometimes called the code of ethics of
care suggests that ethical dilemmas can best be solved by
attention to:
A. Relationships
B. Ethical principles
C. Clients
D. Code of ethics for nurses.
58. In most ethical dilemmas, the solution to the dilemma
requires negotiation among members of the health care team.
The nurse’s point of view is valuable because:
A. Nurses have a legal license that encourages their presence
during ethical discussions.
B. The principle of autonomy guides all participants to respect
their own self-worth.
C. Nurses develop a relationship to the client that is unique
among all professional health care providers.
D. The nurse’s code of ethics recommends that a nurse be
present at any ethical discussion about client care.
59. Ethical dilemmas often arise over a conflict of opinion.
Once the nurse has determined that the dilemma is ethical, a
critical first step in negotiating the difference of opinion
would be to:
A. Consult a professional ethicist to ensure that the steps of
the process occur in full.
B. Gather all relevant information regarding the clinical, social,
and spiritual aspects of the dilemma.
C. List the ethical principles that inform the dilemma so that
negotiations agree on the language of the discussion.
D. Ensure that the attending physician has written an order for
an ethics consultation to support the ethics process.
60. The nurse practice acts are an example of:
A. Statutory law
B. Common law
C. Civil law
D. Criminal law
61. The scope of Nursing Practice, the established
educational requirements for nurses, and the distinction
between nursing and medical practice is defined by:
A. Statutory law
B. Common law
C. Civil law
D. Nurse practice acts
62. The client’s right to refuse treatment is an example of:
A. Statutory law
B. Common law
C. Civil laws
D. Nurse practice acts
63. Even though the nurse may obtain the client’s signature
on a form, obtaining informed consent is the responsibility of
the:
A. Client
B. Physician
C. Student nurse
D. Supervising nurse.
64. The nurse is obligated to follow a physician’s order
unless:
A. The order is a verbal order
B. The physician’s order is illegible
C. The order has not been transcribed
D. The order is an error, violates hospital policy, or would be
detrimental to the client.
65. The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing
theory is
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Madeleine Leininger
C. Betty Newman
D. Sr. Callista Roy
for more information contact the following
chipapasmith@gmail.com
mvumapeter@gmail. com
malipapeter@gmail. com
wilnerdhara@yahoo.com
buliyanifatsani@gmail.com
eddiemanda7@gmail.com
Act mandates is the freedom to:
A. Pick any physician and insurance company despite one’s
income
B. Receive free medical benefits as needed within the county
of residence
C. Have equal access to all health care regardless of race and
religion
D. Have basic care with a sliding scale payment plan from all
health care facilities
2. Which statement would best explain the role of the nurse
when planning care for a culturally diverse population? The
nurse will plan care to:
A. Include care that is culturally congruent with the staff from
predetermined criteria
B. Focus only on the needs of the client, ignoring the nurse’s
beliefs and practices
C. Blend the values of the nurse that are for the good of the
client and minimize the client’s individual values and beliefs
during care
D. Provide care while aware of one’s own bias, focusing on
the client’s individual needs rather than the staff’s practices
3. Which factor is least significant during assessment when
gathering information about cultural practices?
A. Language, timing
B. Touch, eye contact
C. Biocultural needs
D. Pain perception, management expectations
4. Transcultural nursing implies:
A. Using a comparative study of cultures to understand
similarities and differences across human groups to provide
specific individualized care that is culturally appropriate
B. Working in another culture to practice nursing within their
limitations
C. Combining all cultural beliefs into a practice that is a non-
threatening approach to minimize cultural barriers for all
clients’ equality of care
D. Ignoring all cultural differences to provide the best
generalized care to all clients.
5. What should the nurse do when planning nursing care for a
client with a different cultural background? The nurse should:
A. Allow the family to provide care during the hospital stay so
no rituals or customs are broken
B. Identify how these cultural variables affect the health
problem
C. Speak slowly and show pictures to make sure the client
always understands
D. Explain how the client must adapt to hospital routines to
be effectively cared for while in the hospital
6. Which activity would not be expected by the nurse to meet
the cultural needs of the client?
A. Promote and support attitudes, behaviors, knowledge, and
skills to respectfully meet client’s cultural needs despite the
nurse’s own beliefs and practices
B. Ensure that the interpreter understands not only the
language of the client but feelings and attitudes behind
cultural practices to make sure an ethical balance can be
achieved
C. Develop structure and process for meeting cultural needs
on a regular basis and means to avoid overlooking these
needs with clients
D. Expect the family to keep an interpreter present at all times
to assist in meeting the communication needs all day and
night while hospitalized
7. Ethical principles for professional nursing practice in a
clinical setting are guided by the principles of conduct that
are written as the:
A. American Nurses Association’s (ANA’s) Code of Ethics
B. Nurse Practice Act (NPA) written by state legislation
C. Standards of care from experts in the practice field
D. Good Samaritan laws for civil guidelines
8. A bioethical issue should be described as:
A. The physician’s making all decisions of client management
without getting input from the client
B. A research project that included treating all the white men
and not treating all the black men to compare the outcomes
of a specific drug therapy.
C. The withholding of food and treatment at the request of
the client in a written advance directive given before a client
acquired permanent brain damage from an accident.
D. After the client gives permission, the physician’s disclosing
all information to the family for their support in the
management of the client.
9. When the nurse described the client as “that nasty old
man in 354,” the nurse is exhibiting which ethical dilemma?
A. Gender bias and ageism
B. HIPAA violation
C. Beneficence
D. Code of ethics violation
10. The distribution of nurses to areas of “most need” in the
time of a nursing shortage is an example of:
A. Utilitarianism theory
B. Deontological theory
C. Justice
D. Beneficence
11. Nurses are bound by a variety of laws. Which description
of a type of law is correct?
A. Statutory law is created by elected legislature, such as the
state legislature that defines the Nurse Practice Act (NPA).
B. Regulatory law includes prevention of harm for the public
and punishment for those laws that are broken.
C. Common law protects the rights of the individual within
society for fair and equal treatment.
D. Criminal law creates boards that pass rules and
regulations to control society.
12. Besides the Joint Commission on Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations (JACHO), which governing agency
regulates hospitals to allow continued safe services to be
provided, funding to be received from the government and
penalties if guidelines are not followed?
A. Board of Nursing Examiners (BNE)
B. Nurse Practice Act (NPA)
C. American Nurses Association (ANA)
D. Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)
13. When a client is confused, left alone with the side rails
down, and the bed in a high position, the client falls and
breaks a hip. What law has been broken?
A. Assault
B. Battery
C. Negligence
D. Civil tort
14. When signing a form as a witness, your signature shows
that the client:
A. Is fully informed and is aware of all consequences.
B. Was awake and fully alert and not medicated with
narcotics.
C. Was free to sign without pressure
D. Has signed that form and the witness saw it being done
15. Which criterion is needed for someone to give consent to
a procedure?
A. An appointed guardianship
B. Unemancipated minor
C. Minimum of 21 years or older
D. An advocate for a child
16. Which statement is correct?
A. Consent for medical treatment can be given by a minor
with a sexually transmitted disease (STD).
B. A second trimester abortion can be given without state
involvement.
C. Student nurses cannot be sued for malpractice while in a
nursing clinical class.
D. Nurses who get sick and leave during a shift are not
abandoning clients if they call their supervisor and leave a
message about their emergency illness.
17. Most litigation in the hospital comes from the:
A. Nurse abandoning the clients when going to lunch
B. Nurse following an order that is incomplete or incorrect
C. Nurse documenting blame on the physician when a mistake
is made
D. Supervisor watching a new employee check his or her skills
level
18. The nurse places an aquathermia pad on a client with a
muscle sprain. The nurse informs the client the pad should be
removed in 30 minutes. Why will the nurse return in 30
minutes to remove the pad?
A. Reflex vasoconstriction occurs.
B. Reflex vasodilation occurs.
C. Systemic response occurs.
D. Local response occurs.
19. A client has recently been told he has terminal cancer. As
the nurse enters the room, he yells, “My eggs are cold, and
I’m tired of having my sleep interrupted by noisy nurses!” The
nurse may interpret the client’s behavior as:
A. An expression of the anger stage of dying
B. An expression of disenfranchised grief
C. The result of maturational loss
D. The result of previous losses
20. When helping a person through grief work, the nurse
knows:
A. Coping mechanisms that were effective in the past are
often disregarded in response to the pain of a loss
B. A person’s perception of a loss has little to do with the
grieving process.
C. The sequencing of stages of grief may occur in order, they
may be skipped, or they may recur.
D. Most clients want to be left alone.
21. A client is hospitalized in the end stage of terminal
cancer. His family members are sitting at his bedside. What
can the nurse do to best aid the family at this time?
A. Limit the time visitors may stay so they do not become
overwhelmed by the situation.
B. Avoid telling family members about the client’s actual
condition so they will not lose hope.
C. Discourage spiritual practices because this will have little
connection to the client at this time.
D. Find simple and appropriate care activities for the family to
perform.
22. When caring for a terminally ill client, it is important for
the nurse maintain the client’s dignity. This can be facilitated
by:
A. Spending time to let clients share their life experiences
B. Decreasing emphasis on attending to the client’s
appearance because it only increases their fatigue
C. Making decisions for clients so they do not have to make
them
D. Placing the client in a private room to provide privacy at all
times
23. What are the stages of dying according to Elizabeth
Kubler-Ross?
A. Numbing; yearning and searching; disorganization and
despair; and reorganization.
B. Accepting the reality of loss, working through the pain of
grief, adjusting to the environment without the deceased, and
emotionally relocating the deceased and moving on with life.
C. Anticipatory grief, perceived loss, actual loss, and renewal.
D. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
24. Bereavement may be defined as:
A. The emotional response to loss.
B. The outward, social expression of loss.
C. Postponing the awareness of the reality of the loss.
D. The inner feeling and outward reactions of the survivor.
25. A client who had a “Do Not Resuscitate” order passed
away. After verifying there is no pulse or respirations, the
nurse should next:
A. Have family members say goodbye to the deceased.
B. Call the transplant team to retrieve vital organs.
C. Remove all tubes and equipment (unless organ donation is
to take place), clean the body, and position appropriately.
D. Call the funeral director to come and get the body.
26. A client’s family member says to the nurse, “The doctor
said he will provide palliative care. What does that mean?”
The nurse’s best response is:
A. “Palliative care is given to those who have less than 6
months to live.”
B. “Palliative care aims to relieve or reduce the symptoms of a
disease.”
C. “The goal of palliative care is to affect a cure of a serious
illness or disease.”
D. “Palliative care means the client and family take a more
passive role and the doctor focuses on the physiological needs
of the client. The location of death will most likely occur in
the hospital setting.”
27. Which of the following is not included in evaluating the
degree of heritage consistency in a client?
A. Gender
B. Culture
C. Ethnicity
D. Religion
28. When providing care to clients with varied cultural
backgrounds, it is imperative for the nurse to recognize that:
A. Cultural considerations must be put aside if basic needs
are in jeopardy.
B. Generalizations about the behavior of a particular group
may be inaccurate.
C. Current health standards should determine the acceptability
of cultural practices.
D. Similar reactions to stress will occur when individuals have
the same cultural background.
29. To respect a client’s personal space and territoriality, the
nurse:
A. Avoids the use of touch
B. Explains nursing care and procedures
C. Keeps the curtains pulled around the clients bed
D. Stands 8 feet away from the bed, if possible.
30. To be effective in meeting various ethnic needs, the nurse
should:
A. Treat all clients alike.
B. Be aware of client’s cultural differences.
C. Act as if he or she is comfortable with the client’s
behavior.
D. Avoid asking questions about the client’s cultural
background.
31. The most important factor in providing nursing care to
clients in a specific ethnic group is:
A. Communication
B. Time orientation
C. Biological variation
D. Environmental control
32. A health care issue often becomes an ethical dilemma
because:
A. A client’s legal rights coexist with a health professional’s
obligation.
B. Decisions must be made quickly, often under stressful
conditions.
C. Decisions must be made based on value systems.
D. The choices involved do not appear to be clearly right or
wrong.
33. A document that lists the medical treatment a person
chooses to refuse if unable to make decisions is the:
A. Durable power of attorney
B. Informed consent
C. Living will
D. Advance directives
34. Which statement about an institutional ethics committee
is correct?
A. The ethics committee is an additional resource for clients
and healthcare professionals.
B. The ethics committee relieves health care professionals
from dealing with ethical issues.
C. The ethics committee would be the first option in
addressing an ethical dilemma.
D. The ethics committee replaces decision making by the
client and health care providers.
35. The nurse is working with parents of a seriously ill
newborn. Surgery has been proposed for the infant, but the
chances of success are unclear. In helping the parents
resolve this ethical conflict, the nurse knows that the first
step is:
A. Exploring reasonable courses of action
B. Collecting all available information about the situation
C. Clarifying values related to the cause of the dilemma.
D. Identifying people who can solve the difficulty.
36. Miss Mary, an 88-year old woman, believes that life
should not be prolonged when hope is gone. She has decided
that she does not want extraordinary measures taken when
her life is at its end. Because she feels this way, she has
talked with her daughter about her desires, completing a
living will and left directions with her physician. This is an
example of:
A. Affirming a value
B. Choosing a value
C. Prizing a value
D. Reflecting a value
37. The scope of Nursing practice is legally defined by:
A. State nurses practice acts
B. Professional nursing organizations
C. Hospital policy and procedure manuals
D. Physicians in the employing institutions
38. A student nurse who is employed as a nursing assistant
may perform any functions that:
A. Have been learned about in school
B. Are expected of a nurse at that level
C. Are identified in the positions job description
D. Require technical rather than professional skill.
39. A confused client who fell out of bed because side rails
were not used is an example of which type of liability?
A. Felony
B. Assault
C. Battery
D. Negligence
40. The nurse puts a restraint jacket on a client without the
client’s permission and without the physicians order. The
nurse may be guilty of:
A. Assault
B. Battery
C. Invasion of privacy
D. Neglect
41. In a situation in which there is insufficient staff to
implement competent care, a nurse should:
A. Organize a strike
B. Inform the clients of the situation
C. Refuse the assignment
D. Accept the assignment but make a protest in writing to the
administration.
42. Which statement about loss is accurate?
A. Loss is only experienced when there is an actual absence
of something valued.
B. The more the individual has invested in what is lost, the
less the feeling of loss.
C. Loss may be maturational, situational, or both.
D. The degree of stress experienced is unrelated to the type of
loss.
43. Trying questionable and experimental forms of therapy is
a behavior that is characterized of which stage of dying?
A. Anger
B. Depression
C. Bargaining
D. Acceptance
44. All of the following are crucial needs of the dying client
except:
A. Control of pain
B. Preservation of dignity and self-worth
C. Love and belonging
D. Freedom from decision making
45. Cultural awareness is an in-depth self-examination of
one’s:
A. Background, recognizing biases and prejudices.
B. Social, cultural, and biophysical factors
C. Engagement in cross-cultural interactions
D. Motivation and commitment to caring.
46. Cultural competence is the process of:
A. Learning about vast cultures
B. Acquiring specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes
C. Influencing treatment and care of clients
D. Motivation and commitment to caring.
47. Ethnocentrism is the root of:
A. Biases and prejudices
B. Meanings by which people make sense of their experiences.
C. Cultural beliefs
D. Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and
maintaining health.
48. When action is taken on one’s prejudices:
A. Discrimination occurs
B. Sufficient comparative knowledge of diverse groups is
obtained.
C. Delivery of culturally congruent care is ensured.
D. People think/know you are a dumbass for being prejudiced.
49. The dominant value orientation in North American society
is:
A. Use of rituals symbolizing the supernatural.
B. Group reliance and interdependence
C. Healing emphasizing naturalistic modalities
D. Individualism and self-reliance in achieving and
maintaining health.
50. Disparities in health outcomes between the rich and the
poor illustrates: a (an)
A. Illness attributed to natural, impersonal, and biological
forces.
B. Creation of own interpretation and descriptions of biological
and psychological malfunctions.
C. Influence of socioeconomic factors in morbidity and
mortality.
D. Combination of naturalistic, religious, and supernatural
modalities.
51. Culture strongly influences pain expression and need for
pain medication. However, cultural pain:
A. May be suffered by a client whose valued way of life is
disregarded by practitioners.
B. Is more intense, thus necessitating more medication.
C. Is not expressed verbally or physically
D. Is expressed only to others of like culture.
52. The dominant values in American society on individual
autonomy and self-determination:
A. Rarely have an effect on other cultures
B. Do have an effect on health care
C. May hinder ability to get into a hospice program
D. May be in direct conflict with diverse groups.
53. In the United States, access to health care usually
depends on a client’s ability to pay for health care, either
through insurance or by paying cash. The client the nurse is
caring for needs a liver transplant to survive. This client has
been out of work for several months and does not have
insurance or enough cash. A discussion about the ethics of
this situation would involve predominantly the principle of:
A. Accountability, because you as the nurse are accountable
for the well being of this client.
B. Respect of autonomy, because this client’s autonomy will
be violated if he does not receive the liver transplant.
C. Ethics of care, because the caring thing that a nurse could
provide this patient is resources for a liver transplant.
D. Justice, because the first and greatest question in this
situation is how to determine the just distribution of
resources.
54. The code of ethics for nurses is composed and published
by:
A. The national league for Nursing
B. The American Nurses Association
C. The Medical American Association
D. The National Institutes of Health, Nursing division.
55. Nurses agree to be advocates for their patients. Practice
of advocacy calls for the nurse to:
A. Seek out the nursing supervisor in conflicting situations
B. Work to understand the law as it applies to the client’s
clinical condition.
C. Assess the client’s point of view and prepare to articulate
this point of view.
D. Document all clinical changes in the medical record in a
timely manner.
56. Successful ethical discussion depends on people who
have a clear sense of personal values. When many people
share the same values it may be possible to identify a
philosophy of utilitarianism, with proposes that:
A. The value of people is determined solely by leaders in the
Unitarian church.
B. The decision to perform a lover transplant depends on a
measure of the moral life that the client has led so far.
C. The best way to determine the solution to an ethical
dilemma is to refer the case to the attending physician.
D. The value of something is determined by its usefulness to
society.
57. The philosophy sometimes called the code of ethics of
care suggests that ethical dilemmas can best be solved by
attention to:
A. Relationships
B. Ethical principles
C. Clients
D. Code of ethics for nurses.
58. In most ethical dilemmas, the solution to the dilemma
requires negotiation among members of the health care team.
The nurse’s point of view is valuable because:
A. Nurses have a legal license that encourages their presence
during ethical discussions.
B. The principle of autonomy guides all participants to respect
their own self-worth.
C. Nurses develop a relationship to the client that is unique
among all professional health care providers.
D. The nurse’s code of ethics recommends that a nurse be
present at any ethical discussion about client care.
59. Ethical dilemmas often arise over a conflict of opinion.
Once the nurse has determined that the dilemma is ethical, a
critical first step in negotiating the difference of opinion
would be to:
A. Consult a professional ethicist to ensure that the steps of
the process occur in full.
B. Gather all relevant information regarding the clinical, social,
and spiritual aspects of the dilemma.
C. List the ethical principles that inform the dilemma so that
negotiations agree on the language of the discussion.
D. Ensure that the attending physician has written an order for
an ethics consultation to support the ethics process.
60. The nurse practice acts are an example of:
A. Statutory law
B. Common law
C. Civil law
D. Criminal law
61. The scope of Nursing Practice, the established
educational requirements for nurses, and the distinction
between nursing and medical practice is defined by:
A. Statutory law
B. Common law
C. Civil law
D. Nurse practice acts
62. The client’s right to refuse treatment is an example of:
A. Statutory law
B. Common law
C. Civil laws
D. Nurse practice acts
63. Even though the nurse may obtain the client’s signature
on a form, obtaining informed consent is the responsibility of
the:
A. Client
B. Physician
C. Student nurse
D. Supervising nurse.
64. The nurse is obligated to follow a physician’s order
unless:
A. The order is a verbal order
B. The physician’s order is illegible
C. The order has not been transcribed
D. The order is an error, violates hospital policy, or would be
detrimental to the client.
65. The nursing theorist who developed transcultural nursing
theory is
A. Dorothea Orem
B. Madeleine Leininger
C. Betty Newman
D. Sr. Callista Roy
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